Research and Development
Tokenizing real-world assets requires more than functional code. It requires solid foundations. DOB Protocol differentiates itself by transforming cutting-edge academic research into practical solutions. Methodologies like TrustOps and concepts like TDAM were developed by the co-founders and published at international conferences such as IEEE and EDOC.
From R&D to Code that Becomes Product
Fernando Castillo (CTO) leads DOB Protocol's research agenda, with publications at international conferences such as IEEE, EDOC, and ICSOC. Oscar Castillo (CEO) and Simón Espínola (COO) contribute as co-authors on foundational works about decentralized autonomous machines. Academic research doesn't stay confined to papers: it transforms into functional code that solves real tokenization problems.
DOB Validator exemplifies this approach. Developed with nearly 320 transparently documented commits, the system follows TrustOps principles, a methodology presented at EDOC 2024 Workshops that integrates continuous verifiability into the development cycle. Each code stage generates auditable evidence, creating a cryptographic trail that investors can independently consult.
Access them all here - https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=zWRaCj4AAAAJ
Technical Foundations
DOB Protocol's architecture incorporates concepts developed in peer-reviewed academic papers. These foundations ensure the system operates in a verifiable and trustworthy manner, differentiating DOB Protocol from projects that rely solely on promises or reputation.
TDAM (Trustworthy Decentralized Autonomous Machines)
Decentralized autonomous machines that operate through cryptographic verification and proof of execution. The concept was developed in the paper "Trustworthy Decentralized Autonomous Machines: A New Paradigm in Automation Economy", published on arXiv in 2025 by Fernando Castillo, Simón Espínola, and Oscar Castillo.
In DOB Protocol, TDAMs represent physical or digital infrastructure projects that can be validated, tokenized, and funded. DOB Validator verifies each project's existence and operation before allowing access to capital.
TrustOps
Software development methodology that emphasizes creating verifiable evidence at each process stage. Presented in the paper "TrustOps: Continuously Building Trustworthy Software" at EDOC 2024 Workshops (iRESEARCH).
DOB Validator was built following these principles. The nearly 320 transparently documented commits create an auditable history of decisions and changes.
TCU (Trusted Compute Units)
Framework for chained verifiable computations where each processing stage can be cryptographically validated. Developed in the paper "Trusted Compute Units: A Framework for Chained Verifiable Computations", published on arXiv in 2025.
In DOB Validator, TCU translates into multiple chained validation dimensions: Project Owner Validation, Business Model Validation, and Asset Validation. Each stage depends on the successful verification of the previous one.
Credential-Based Device Registration
Device registration system based on cryptographic credentials for DePIN networks (Decentralized Physical Infrastructure Networks). Published in the paper "Towards Credential-Based Device Registration in DApps for DePINs with ZKPs" at the IEEE International Conference on Blockchain, 2024.
The system enables authentication of physical devices in decentralized applications using Zero-Knowledge Proofs (ZKPs), validating identity without exposing sensitive data.
Advocate - Trustworthy Evidence
Concept of trustworthy evidence in distributed systems. Developed in the paper "Advocate—Trustworthy Evidence in Cloud Systems", presented at the 6th Conference on Blockchain Research & Applications in 2024.
In DOB Protocol, validation metadata anchored on the Stellar Blockchain creates permanent evidence that third parties can independently verify.
Academic Network
DOB Protocol's research is validated by internationally recognized institutions and conferences. This academic network provides technical credibility and demonstrates that the concepts used have undergone rigorous expert review.
IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers)
The world's largest technical professional organization, dedicated to advancing technology. Fernando Castillo published the research "Towards Credential-Based Device Registration in DApps for DePINs with ZKPs" at the IEEE International Conference on Blockchain, 2024.
arXiv
Academic preprint repository maintained by Cornell University. DOB Protocol team research is published on arXiv before formal peer review, including works on trustworthy systems and decentralized autonomous machines.
EDOC (Enterprise Distributed Object Computing)
International academic conference focused on distributed object-oriented computing and enterprise architecture. At EDOC 2024 Workshops, Fernando Castillo presented "TrustOps: Continuously Building Trustworthy Software".
ICSOC (International Conference on Service-Oriented Computing)
Annual academic conference focused on service-oriented computing and blockchain. Fernando Castillo co-authored a paper presented at ICSOC 2025 on "Towards Trusted Service Monitoring".
6th Conference on Blockchain Research & Applications
International academic conference focused on applied blockchain research. Fernando Castillo presented "Advocate—Trustworthy Evidence in Cloud Systems".
Colegio de Ingenieros de Chile
Professional association representing engineers in Chile. DOB Protocol had support from the Colegio for organizing DOB Machine Day 2025 in Santiago.
Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH)
Public higher education institution focused on science, engineering, and technology. USACH supported DOB Protocol in co-organizing DOB Machine Day 2025.
Publications
Access them all here - https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=zWRaCj4AAAAJ
2025
Trustworthy Decentralized Autonomous Machines: A New Paradigm in Automation Economy
arXiv
2025
Trusted Compute Units: A Framework for Chained Verifiable Computations
arXiv
2025
Towards Trusted Service Monitoring
ICSOC
2024
Towards Credential-Based Device Registration in DApps for DePINs with ZKPs
IEEE Blockchain
2024
TrustOps: Continuously Building Trustworthy Software
EDOC Workshops
2024
Advocate—Trustworthy Evidence in Cloud Systems
6th Conference on Blockchain Research & Applications
Legal and Risk Disclaimer: DOB Protocol is subject to Bermuda law and the exclusive jurisdiction of Bermuda courts. Operations conducted through regulated structure (Class IIGB and DABA Class M) with statutory segregated accounts providing legal asset segregation. Investments in Real World Asset (RWA) tokens involve significant risks, including total loss of invested capital. Recourse limited exclusively to assets linked to the specific segregated account. The protocol implements multiple risk mitigation layers, including continuous performance validation, auditable on-chain registry, and programmatic liquidity. Not available to residents of prohibited jurisdictions (including USA, OFAC-sanctioned countries, and FATF blacklisted countries). Past performance does not guarantee future results. Investors should seek independent professional advice. See complete documentation on risks and mitigations.
Last updated: January 2026
Last updated